June Headline: Haskell is rapidly approaching the top 20
Last month we asked ourselves the question what language could become the next big new programming language. We suggested several candidates such as Scala, Erlang and Clojure. Clearly, the new thing was expected to come from the functional programming field. A functional language not explicitly mentioned was Haskell. And this month it was Haskell that jumped from #35 to #25. Looking at the TIOBE trend graph of Haskell (starting in 2003) it shows a constant rise, with peaks in 2006, 2010 and now in 2012. This certainly sounds promising.
The TIOBE Programming Community index is an indicator of the popularity of programming languages. The index is updated once a month. The ratings are based on the number of skilled engineers world-wide, courses and third party vendors. The popular search engines Google, Bing, Yahoo!, Wikipedia, Amazon, YouTube and Baidu are used to calculate the ratings. Observe that the TIOBE index is not about the best programming language or the language in which most lines of code have been written.
The index can be used to check whether your programming skills are still up to date or to make a strategic decision about what programming language should be adopted when starting to build a new software system. The definition of the TIOBE index can be found .
| PositionJun 2012 | PositionJun 2011 | Delta in Position | Programming Language | RatingsJun 2012 | Delta Jun 2011 | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 |  | 17.725% | +1.45% | A | |
| 2 | 1 |  | 16.265% | -2.32% | A | |
| 3 | 3 |  | 9.358% | -0.47% | A | |
| 4 | 7 | | 9.094% | +4.66% | A | |
| 5 | 4 | | 7.026% | +0.18% | A | |
| 6 | 6 | | 6.047% | +1.32% | A | |
| 7 | 5 | | 5.287% | -1.31% | A | |
| 8 | 8 | | 3.848% | -0.05% | A | |
| 9 | 9 | | 2.221% | -0.09% | A | |
| 10 | 12 | | 1.683% | +0.20% | A | |
| 11 | 11 | | 1.474% | -0.03% | A | |
| 12 | 29 | | 1.216% | +0.78% | A | |
| 13 | 13 | | 1.150% | +0.08% | A | |
| 14 | 14 | | 0.986% | +0.05% | A | |
| 15 | 21 | | 0.860% | +0.31% | A- | |
| 16 | 15 | | 0.844% | +0.11% | A | |
| 17 | 17 | | 0.705% | +0.05% | A | |
| 18 | 19 | | 0.681% | +0.08% | B | |
| 19 | 22 | | 0.637% | +0.13% | A- | |
| 20 | 10 | | 0.635% | -1.40% | B |
Long term trends
The long term trends for the top 10 programming languages can be found in the line diagram below.
Other programming languages
The complete top 50 of programming languages is listed below. This overview is published unofficially, because it could be the case that we missed a language. If you have the impression there is a programming language lacking, please notify us at .
| Position | Programming Language | Ratings |
|---|---|---|
| 21 | Bash | 0.622% |
| 22 | MATLAB | 0.563% |
| 23 | Assembly | 0.538% |
| 24 | SAS | 0.534% |
| 25 | Haskell | 0.532% |
| 26 | ABAP | 0.476% |
| 27 | RPG (OS/400) | 0.470% |
| 28 | COBOL | 0.463% |
| 29 | Fortran | 0.451% |
| 30 | R | 0.438% |
| 31 | Scheme | 0.421% |
| 32 | Scratch | 0.339% |
| 33 | D | 0.339% |
| 34 | Prolog | 0.329% |
| 35 | NXT-G | 0.329% |
| 36 | (Visual) FoxPro | 0.265% |
| 37 | Erlang | 0.257% |
| 38 | Awk | 0.257% |
| 39 | Smalltalk | 0.247% |
| 40 | APL | 0.243% |
| 41 | Scala | 0.234% |
| 42 | Forth | 0.230% |
| 43 | ML | 0.224% |
| 44 | Ladder Logic | 0.209% |
| 45 | Max/MSP | 0.199% |
| 46 | Alice | 0.196% |
| 47 | ActionScript | 0.189% |
| 48 | Algol | 0.169% |
| 49 | CFML | 0.165% |
| 50 | PowerShell | 0.151% |
The Next 50 Programming Languages
The following list of languages denotes #51 to #100. Since the differences are relatively small, the programming languages are only listed (in alphabetical order).
- ABC, bc, Boo, C shell, cg, CHILL, CL (OS/400), Clean, Clojure, Cobra, cT, Curl, Dylan, Eiffel, Euphoria, F#, Factor, Gambas, Go, Groovy, Icon, Informix-4GL, J, JavaFX Script, JScript.NET, LabVIEW, Lingo, Magic, Modula-2, MUMPS, NATURAL, Oberon, OCaml, Occam, OpenCL, OpenEdge ABL, Oz, PL/I, Q, REXX, S, SPARK, Standard ML, SuperCollider, Tcl, VBScript, VHDL, X10, xBase, XSLT
Very Long Term History
To see the bigger picture, please find the positions of the top 10 programming languages from 5, 15 and 25 years ago in the table below.
| Programming Language | PositionJune 2012 | PositionJune 2007 | PositionJune 1997 | PositionJune 1987 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| 2 | 1 | 4 | - | |
| 3 | 3 | 2 | 7 | |
| 4 | 45 | - | - | |
| 5 | 7 | - | - | |
| 6 | 4 | 3 | 5 | |
| 7 | 5 | - | - | |
| 8 | 8 | 25 | - | |
| 9 | 6 | 6 | - | |
| 10 | 10 | 17 | - | |
| 14 | 15 | 11 | 3 | |
| 18 | 17 | 12 | 2 |
Programming Language Hall of Fame
The hall of fame listing all "Programming Language of the Year" award winners is shown below. The award is given to the programming language that has the highest rise in ratings in a year.
| Year | Winner |
|---|---|
| 2011 | Objective-C |
| 2010 | Python |
| 2009 | Go |
| 2008 | C |
| 2007 | Python |
| 2006 | Ruby |
| 2005 | Java |
| 2004 | PHP |
| 2003 | C++ |
Categories of Programming Languages
In the tables below some long term trends are shown about categories of languages. Object-oriented statically typed languages have been most popular for more than 5 years now.
| Category | Ratings June 2012 | Delta June 2011 |
|---|---|---|
| Object-Oriented Languages | 57.5% | +1.4% |
| Procedural Languages | 36.9% | -0.4% |
| Functional Languages | 3.9% | -1.2% |
| Logical Languages | 1.6% | +0.2% |
| Category | Ratings June 2012 | Delta June 2011 |
|---|---|---|
| Statically Typed Languages | 71.3% | +0.4% |
| Dynamically Typed Languages | 28.7% | -0.4% |
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